Yaroslavovo Dvorishche
fotki.yandex.ru, baranov.michael.2011
Yaroslavovo Dvorishche and Torg is a historical architectural complex on the Trade Side of Veliky Novgorod. At present, the Yaroslavovo Dvorishche and Torg tract includes the vast space between Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street and the bank of the Volkhov and between Ivanovskaya and Nikolskaya streets, which differs somewhat from the original topography of both tracts, both Yaroslavovo Dvorishche and Torg. Reports in the Novgorod First Chronicle under 1271 and the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle under 1406 about fires at Yaroslavovo Dvorishche make it possible to localize it between the Gothic and German "courts" of foreign merchants, to the north, south, and east of Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral—the main church of the Dvorishche. After the liberation of Novgorod from fascist troops, the buildings and historical structures of Yaroslavovo Dvorishche, as well as the adjacent trading rows on 1 Maya Street, although damaged during the occupation, for the most part still had well-preserved walls, and in some cases even roofs.
Gostiny Dvor Gate Tower
fotki.yandex.ru, baranov.michael.2011
Gostiny Dvor Gate Tower is a three-story civic building with two passage arches, above the central part of which rises an octagonal tower crowned with a tent roof. It is located to the northwest of Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral on the territory of Torg and Yaroslavovo Dvorishche in Veliky Novgorod. For some time, without any grounds for doing so, it was called the Veche Tower. This building was also considered the "gridnitsa at the princely court," built in 1472. Only recently was it established that this building is in fact the gate tower of Gostiny Dvor, erected in 1686 during major construction work that was carried out both in the Novgorod Kremlin and on the territory of Torg and Yaroslavovo Dvorishche. It was built by the "assistant master of stonework" Guriy Vakhromeev according to the design and cost drawings of the "assistant master of stonework" Semyon Efimov. In its architectural forms, the Gostiny Dvor Gate Tower repeated the main gates of the Voivode's Court.
Nikolsky Cathedral
fotki.yandex.ru, baranov.michael.2011
Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral (Nikolsky Cathedral at Yaroslavovo Dvorishche) is one of the most ancient Novgorod churches. In age, it is second only to St. Sophia Cathedral. It was founded in 1113 on the territory of Yaroslavovo Dvorishche by Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich. However, it was consecrated only 23 years later, on 5 December 1136. It is noteworthy that it was in that very year that the people of Novgorod expelled the Kievan prince Vsevolod Mstislavich, thereby eliminating their dependence on Kiev. Therefore, this year is considered the year of the foundation of the Novgorod veche republic. Completed in the year the Novgorod Republic was founded, Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral, beginning in the XIII century, became the main veche church of Novgorod. Before one of its entrances, the citywide veche assembled until the fall of Novgorod independence. Unfortunately, archaeological excavations carried out in the 1930—40s in the area of the church did not uncover any obvious traces of the veche square. In this regard, the viewpoint of V. L. is considered the most authoritative.
Church of Paraskeva-Pyatnitsa at Torg
fotki.yandex.ru, baranov.michael.2011
The Church of Paraskeva-Pyatnitsa at Torg is part of the architectural complex of Yaroslavovo Dvorishche in Veliky Novgorod. It is a cross-domed, three-nave, four-pillar structure with one dome and one apse. It served as the patronal church of the merchants of ancient Novgorod. It is named in honor of the Great Martyr Paraskeva-Pyatnitsa, who was considered the patroness of the Novgorod merchant class. In addition, the Novgorod Torg opened and operated on Fridays. The first wooden church on the site of the current one was built in 1156 by overseas merchants. "Overseas" was the name given to Novgorod merchants who traded "across the sea," that is, abroad. In 1191, a certain Konstantin and his brother built a new wooden church of the same name on this site. Later, the chronicle reports that in 1207 the construction of the stone church had already been completed. It too was erected by overseas merchants. The church was rebuilt many times.
Church of George at Torg
novgorod.ru
The Church of the Great Martyr George at Torg is located in the northern part of Yaroslavovo Dvorishche in Veliky Novgorod, at the intersection of Bolshaya Moskovskaya and Ilyina Street. Nearby is the Church of John on Opoki. It is a pillarless, single-apse structure of the "octagon on quadrangle" type with a lower church. It is crowned with a small cupola. The facades are treated with lesenes and pilasters, and finished with cornices. The windows have segmental and semicircular tops, and most of the windows are decorated with rich frames. The first mention of the wooden Church of George dates back to 1356. The wooden structure was replaced by a stone one built by the residents of Lubyanitsa (Lubyanitsy)—a street that once ran through Torg (the city market). The church burned several times and was rebuilt again. In 1615, the church building had two side chapels—on the south and north sides. In 1747, the upper vaults collapsed. In 1750—1754, it was restored once again.
